Music signs

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-upstroke. Start from the point of the bow and move towards the frog (where you hold the bow)

-down stroke. Start from your hand and move the hand downwards.

 
     
The bonding means that you are taking the notes with the bow in the same direction (Legato in Italian) A point means staccato, or blow. A line means portato or long but detached.  
pizz. pizzicato means that you should use your fingers to pluck the string instead of using the bow..  
     
Fermat the note should be kept longer.  
 

Musical strength

 

p
pp

ppp

mf

f
ff
fff


cresc.

decres.

Italian abbrieviations:
p = piano (silent)
pp=pianissimo (very silent)
ppp= piano pianissimo (as week as possible)
mf= mezzoforte (medium)
f = forte (loud)
ff= fortissimo (very lound
ff= forte fortissimo (As loud as possible)

crescendo :increasing loudness

decrescendo decreasing loudness


 
 

Tempo

 

Largo
Andante
Allegretto
Allegro
Vivace

Presto
Prestissimo

Largo= Very slow
Andante= Walking: Relatively slow
Allegretto=A little bit slower than Allegro
Allegro= steady
Vivace=Lievely
Presto= Fast
Prestissimo= Fastest tempo

 
     
     

 

acc.

rit.

 

accelerando: faster and faster
ritardando
slower and slower
rallentando
may also be used for slowing down

 

 

Trill

 

tr is always starting on the note above

In swedish folk music the trills are used extensively but often "the easiest" trill is used. This means that if the note is on the first finger you trill with the second finger above the note. If the note is on the second finger you will trill with starting on the first finger going upwards to the second finger where the trill ends.

May also be written
starts on the note and then takes the note above  
starts on the note takes both the note above and below